What is the difference between 'old' and 'new' social movements Essay

What is the difference between 'old' and 'new' social movements illustrate your answer with reference to specific movements - Essay Example Social movements are created through a course of action, starting with disorder or campaigns as a response to a social problem, then organization of involved parties. People mobilize, leadership develops, duties are assigned, the public is notified, and guidelines or strategies begin to form, resulting finally in the establishment of the movement (Polletta & Jasper, 2001, 283). The course of action is not easy and there could be a decline phase in the group when it either disintegrates or is restored in a changed form. Social movements could be either reactive, involving opposition to change, or enthusiastic, with an aim for social change (Rootes, 1990, 10). Proactive social movements that aspire to reform a particular feature of human conduct, like the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement, are transformative (Polletta & Jasper, 2001, 283); those aspiring for an absolute transformation of individual conduct, like religious fundamentalist groups, are liberating (p. 283). The emphasis of the other two kinds is societal transformation: movements with goals of altering a particular feature of society, as represented by labor groups, are alterative, and organizations trying to transform the whole social order are revolutionary (Rootes, 1990, 12). The objective of this essay is to discuss the distinctions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ social movements. Theorists of new social movement observe a greatly reformed social structure behind these new social movements, diversely referred to as ‘postindustrial’, ‘network’, or ‘information society (Pichardo, 1997, 411). In the theory of Melucci (1994, 105), ‘modernization’ has obliged that individuals be able to process or understand the informational or network components on which present-day societies rely on, but heightened individualism has been escorted by great demands toward standardized conformity. On the other hand, the theory of

Everything You Know About Branding Is Wrong By David Galullo Essay

Everything You Know About Branding Is Wrong By David Galullo - Essay Example Gallulo, (2013) stated that if any marketer of major corporations is asked, most of them would agree to the statement that â€Å"Branding Is Everything.† Gallulo, (2013) stated that despite of having known the importance of branding as everything, people still misunderstand, misinterpret and use the word branding in a vague meaning. Even though branding is an integral source of success for the organizations, yet the approach towards branding is incorrectly utilized. Historically, branding of businesses used to be done through silos. This means that the business used to hire an advertising agency to carry out its marketing activities whereas another firm is appointed for developing the official website of the company. Above all, that appointed organization is contracted to complete the overall design of the organizational environment. This scheme of branding is resulted in relatively weaker branding outcomes such that the brand actually failed in creating its own brand personal ity and the organization could not achieve its desired goals through branding in various different fragments. Ultimately, the brand could not connect the customers and employees to the organization. In new era, branding is something more than what it is perceived by companies. It means that businesses do not merely offer their products or yell at their potential customers just to come and shop their products. Nowadays, businesses attract their customers by reflecting them the intended personality of the organization and for this purpose; they create the perception of the business in the minds of customers. The employees of such businesses do not work for such organizations only for getting salaries nor the customers of such companies not just buy the products only because of being indiscriminate customers. Rather, these stakeholders consider themselves as a part of that organization in way that they believe this organization provides them a sense of identity. Gallulo, (2013) states that nowadays, brand is not an advertisement, a logo, or a poster displayed in corporate office. Brand has become the gut feeling and intelligent companies know the potency of a rightly built brand. This occurs when all the components are integrated via designs-from virtual platforms such as websites to tangible platforms such as office buildings- in general, it starts from the basic realization of the significance of the company. Whether it is designing the website, headquarter of the company, field office, or new brand strategy, it all starts from two basic questions: what is your identity? And: what is your importance? These questions apparently seem easy, but when it comes to companies, they are most difficult questions to answer. That is why majority of the companies do not bother and therefore, fail in their efforts of developing brand. Gallulo, (2013) retorts that it is integral to find answers for these two questions and to build connection with a holistic and integrated app roach. This will ultimately create a more meaningful and stronger brand. Gallulo, (2013) took the example of football program of University of Oregon. The team plays football in a relatively small town and does not have tradition and history of Texas or Alabama. The team was considered as mediocre until the mid of 1990s. Yet, Oregon has developed a distinguished brand that cuts through chaos and turns heads around. From advertising to uniforms, Oregon has encompassed branding as an integral way of thinking. The ‘why’ of Oregon is change and it has embedded change into everything. It is attracting the best staffs as well as the attention of people. Gallulo, (2013) inferred that people do not watch because team is good, team is good merely because people watch them. Gallulo, (2013)

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography Analysis Mapplethorpe: Art or Pornography? art: the expression of creative skill through a visual medium such as painting or sculpture. pornography: printed or visual material intended to stimulate sexual excitement. (1) The question of art versus pornography is one that has long dogged the visual Arts of all mediums. Nudes on stage, actors fornicating on screen, and artists painting, drawing, sculpting, or photographing naked subjects or explicit acts, have all been scrutinised, discussed and argued over. Some have even been taken to court. Some depictions of naked forms do not even cause a stir. Nobody protests against the Romantic images of naked men or of the paintings and sculptures by Pre-Raphaelite artists of nude mythological beings. What is it then that determines whether something is classified as art or pornography? I would postulate that it is not quite as simple as categorising a piece as one or the other, and I will discuss this during the course of this essay. We must at this point turn to the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of pornography and the key word â€Å"intended†. The deciding factor appears to lie in the intention of the artist; if he or she intends to â€Å"stimulate sexual excitement† the result will be pornographic. Mapplethorpe has admitted that his pieces are homages to desire, and that he himself was sexually stimulated whilst photographing his male nude subjects. It would be unfair to say however, that his photographs are not expressive of â€Å"creative skill†. His images, which I will examine in greater detail later in the essay, are formally beautiful and skillfully posed and shot. Can a piece of work be both art and pornography? Mapplethorpe himself insists that he makes pornography that is art (2). If an artist’s technique is masterful, why should the fact that the piece is sexually stimulating to others prevent it from being classed as art? Why can’t a piece of art hav e multiple functions? Some view Mapplethorpe’s photography purely as pornography, believing it impossible to classify photographs of naked men and women as art. When Mapplethorpe’s retrospective exposition The Perfect Moment exhibited at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Republican Sen. Jesse Helms was the most forceful objector. So outraged was the Senator that he would carry around photographs from the exhibition to illustrate his point to journalists. One photograph he would often present was â€Å"Rosie†, showing a young girl of two or three pictured with her crotch exposed, which he argued constituted child pornography. Others have agreed with Helms. In 1996 the image was removed from a London exhibition on the grounds that it might attract paedophiles. As many others have argued however, this view casts both Rosie and Mapplethorpe in an unfair light. As with many of his other photographs of naked individuals, what is most striking about â€Å"Rosie† is the humanity and i nnocence of this little girl; it is what is revealed about the figure that is most interesting. Nakedness is represented in the Bible as the state of innocence to which we must all return if we are to know God. In Genesis it is only when Adam and Eve fall from innocence and know evil that they realise they are naked. Saying 37 in the Gospel of Thomas alludes to the innocence of naked children: His disciples say to him: On what day wilt thou appear to us, and what day shall we see thee? Jesus says: When you strip yourselves without being ashamed, when you take off your clothes and lay them at your feet like little children and trample on them! Then [you will become] children of Him who is living, and you will have no more fear. (3) â€Å"Rosie† is only seen in a sexual context by those with the predisposition to see it in that way, whether they be paedophiles or hard-line moralists (4). Rosie herself, aged 23 at the time of the London exhibition, protested that the photograph was beautiful and innocent and not at all indecent (5). She had even hung a copy on the wall of the restaurant she managed. Mapplethorpe’s most explicit photographs are seen as obscene by many who are not moralists or particularly religious. His X Portfolio contains graphic pictures of homosexual sexual acts and bondage, such as ‘Helmut and Brooks’, which depicts one man’s arm inserted up to the elbow in another man’s anus. ‘Man in Polyester Suit’, another of the photographs often produced by Helms to show journalists, depicts a black man’s semi-erect penis protruding from his flies. It is an odd image, the picture having been cut from just above the man’s knees to his chest, directing the gaze to the penis. Is this pornography? Against the cheap suit, Celant asserts, the penis becomes an object of beauty, like an emergent flower, beginning to bloom with desire. It is erotic, certainly, but is it obscene? Many certainly view ‘Helmut and Brooks’ as obscene and, accordingly, not art. In 1987 Dennis Barry, Director of the Cincinnati Museum of Art, was put on trial for exhibiting The Perfect Moment. In court his Defense asserted that the aesthetics of Mapplethorpe’s work made his photographs art and not obscenity. In Janet Kardon’s essay, written as a guide and an introduction to the exhibition, form is emphasised as the focus rather than the content or context. Even when faced with explaining the photographs depicting homoerotic sexual acts Kardon extols the virtues of Mapplethorpe’s camera technique, almost ignoring the sexual content altogether: There is a drama in each photograph; edges are used as the perimeters of a proscenium,  with subjects strategically sited within those boundaries and caught at a moment of  absolute stasis. Most sitters are portrayed frontally, aligned with the camera lens, in  direct eye contact with the photographer and, in turn, the viewer. Nudes generally  assume classical poses†¦ although his models often are depicted in uncommon sexual  acts, the inhabitants of the photographs assume gestures governed by geometry, and they  are shown against minimal backgrounds (6) Returning to ‘Man in a Polyester Suit’, Kardon refers to the image as â€Å"outrageous† but only because the shot has been set up to appear as a clothes advertisement, making the juxtaposition of the penis â€Å"unsettling† (7). As Kidd writes, it is interesting that Kardon uses the term â€Å"outrageous† rather than ‘obscene’, and that it is not the act of photographing a penis that is â€Å"outrageous† but the actual penis itself, being rather large (8). The reason for this being, Kidd continues, that the term ‘obscenity’, has sociological and legal implications. In terms of the sociological implications, the obscene is a subversion of what is sacred, and is also separate from daily life – it is perceived as taboo, especially by religious organisations. Its legal implications are what led Dennis Barry to victory in his court case. Congress defines the ‘obscene’ as: 1. the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest; 2. such project, production, workshop, or program, depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and 3. such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. (9) The defense successfully argued that Mapplethorpe’s work had artistic value – it is formally beautiful and striking, and the composition is masterful. His photographs could certainly be argued to fall under the first two definitions but all three definitions must fit for something to be considered ‘obscene’, therefore legally Mapplethorpe’s photographs could not be labeled as such. Flageolle extolled the â€Å"exquisite tonal qualities of the platinum print and controlled studio lighting† of Mapplethorpe’s photography, which can be observed in both his ‘hard-core’ and less explicit work (10). Photographs such as ‘Ken and Robert’ and ‘Ken and Tyler’, where Mapplethorpe juxtapositions black and white models, are made even more striking by using black and white film and posing the subjects in a rigid, symmetrical stance. All of Mapplethorpe’s photography is extremely precise, which actually adds to the eroticism of the images. In pornography models tend to assume very overt poses, leaning into the camera and pushing their assets towards the lens, and by extension towards the viewers. Much of Mapplethorpe’s work however, is more restrained in that regard. Subjects may perform explicit sexual acts, urinating in other man’s mouth for example, but it often seems to be personal, intimate. In â₠¬ËœJim and Tom, Sausalito’ the two men are almost unaware of the camera, a feeling heightened by the placement of them in the shadows. Mapplethorpe’s figures can sometimes feel almost cold, and distant, looking past the camera at something we cannot see. However, as Samaras has contended, pieces of art cannot merely be considered for their formal qualities, as that â€Å"relegates art primarily to the role of timeless visual entertainment not historicised cultural elucidation† (11). Mapplethorpe’s photographs showed the public another world. The homosexual and SM communities were brought to the attention of thousands of people. Mapplethorpe wanted to capture new images. His intentions were not to shock; â€Å"I don’t like that particular word ‘shocking’. I’m looking for things I’ve never seen before† (12), he told ARTnews in 1988. In photographing those â€Å"things† he also showed a multitude of people things they had never seen before. â€Å"The point of making art is to educate people† Mapplethorpe once asserted (13). He wanted to force the public into awareness of gay issues. If Mapplethorpe’s primary intention is not to sexually stimulate viewers of his work, does that mean it cannot be pornography? Yet Mapplethorpe certainly wanted to capture the latent sexuality of every living thing in his photography. Even flowers become objects of desire and sexuality. His photographs of flowers are almost more erotic than his nudes. There is a raw sexuality in the way in which he photographs them; the calla lilly’s stamen takes on a phallic shape, the stems of two poppies writhe around each other. Unlike much of his other work, he often uses colour film to photograph his flowers, capturing their vibrant colours, bursting with sexuality. Mapplethorpe sees no need to photograph his flowers any differently than his nudes; â€Å"My approach to photographing a flower is not much different than photographing a cock. Basically it’s the same thing† (14). His black and white photographs of single, naked black men seem to be more a study of the perfect form than pornography. The visually striking image of ‘Thomas’ recalls ‘Vitruvian Man’, Da Vinci’s mathematically and architecturally calculated drawing of the perfect human physique. With his arms stretched out to the perimeters of the circular barrier he stands in, his muscles rippling, skin gleaming, Thomas presents a striking and beautiful image of man. An untitled photograph taken in 1981 shows, apart from his penis, the rippling quadriceps of an extremely fit man. It is his gleaming thighs, reflecting the light and producing shadows, which draw one’s attention in this photograph, rather than the penis, which is shrouded in darkness. Mapplethorpe’s earlier work juxtaposed pornographic acts and images with classic poses and studio lighting, resulting in the disruption of both the pornographic and the classical and creating an uneasy mix. His later photographs of beautiful, gleaming male bodies are almost totally preoccupied with aesthetic beauty, with Mapplethorpe controlling the rigid poses. There is certainly a pornographic dimension to Mapplethorpe’s work but it is not traditional pornography. In many of the photographs, the subjects’ faces cannot be seen. Penises hang alone, boobs are held almost begrudgingly, the subjects uninterested. Nor does the pornographic define Mapplethorpe’s work. It is also a study of aesthetic beauty, educational, and a presentation of exquisite formal technique. Mapplethorpe’s work could be described as pornographic art; a combination of explicit sexuality and a formal exquisiteness. Endnotes 1 Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. 2 Cited in Levinson, Deborah A. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe’s Extraordinary Vision: A review of The   Perfect Moment’. Aug 6 1989. www.tech.mit.edu 3 Cited on www.gospelthomas.com 4 Tozer, John. ‘In the Eye of the Beholder’. Variant, issue 6. www.variant.org.uk 5 Cited in Gerry, Lyn. ‘Cut! At the Edinburgh Festival’. 1997. www.ainfos.ca 6 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. ps. 9-10 7 Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. p. 11 8 Kidd, Dustin. ‘Mapplethorpe and the New Obscenity’. Afterimage. March-April 2003. 9 Public Law 101-151, November 5, 1990. Reprinted in Richard Bolton, ed., Culture Wars:   Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New York: New Press. 1992. p. 286. 10 Flageolle, Andree. ‘Mapplethorpe and Baudelaire’. History of Photography. Winter 1995. 11 Samaras, Connie. ‘Feminism, Photography, Censorship, and Sexually Transgressive Imagery:  The Work of Robert Mapplethorpe, Joel-Peter Witkin, Jacqueline Livingston, Sally Mann, and  Catherine Opie’. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993. 12 Cited on www.mapplethorpe.org/biography 13 Cited by McDonald, Robert on www.queerculturalcentre.org 14 Cited by Celant, Germano. ‘Robert Mapplethorpe: Man in a Polyester Suit’ ArtForum.  September 1993. Bibliography Bolton, Richard, ed. Culture Wars: Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts. New  York: New Press. 1992. Kardon, J, Mapplethorpe, R. The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art.  1988. Soanes, Catherine, ed. Oxford Compact English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.  2000. Afterimage. March-April 2003 ArtForum. September 1993. History of Photography. Winter 1995. New York Law School Review. Vol. XXXVIII Nos 1-4. 1993 www.ainfos.ca www.gospelthomas.com www.mapplethorpe.org/biography www.queerculturalcentre.org www.tech.mit.edu www.variant.org.uk FREE Pocket Business English, ACT NOW!

Bored - Father :: essays research papers fc

There is a phrase that people here time and time again, but don’t truly understand the meaning of it until the phrase can be applied to their own lives. â€Å"You don’t realize what you have until it’s gone.† Atwood’s poem is a direct reflection of this quote. Her poem â€Å"Bored† talks about how she hated the repetitiveness of her daily events with her father. But it was only until he had passed on was it that she truly did realize how much she missed those daily events. Sometimes people don’t understand how important others mean to them until it is too late. I found the poem â€Å"Bored† to be very well written and very touching. Atwood did a good job of describing how easy it is to overlook some of the better things in life. This poem revolved around repetition. And it was the repetition that makes the reader aware of the love that Margaret has for her father. Her poem starts with â€Å"All those times I was bored out of my mind. Holding the log while he sawed it. Holding the string while he measured, boards, distances between things, or pounded stakes into the ground for rows and rows of lettuces and beets, which I then (bored) weeded†(588). Atwood is obviously conveying to the reader that the time she spent with her father wasn’t what she considered of much importance and actually disliked it. This is because she only saw it as work and as a constant hardship of recurrence on herself. She never comprehended that these days with her father were the better days of her life, and she only wishes she could have them ba ck. â€Å"Why do I remember it as sunnier all the time then, although it more often rained, and more birdsong†(589)? Another aspect that can be derived from this poem is Atwood’s father’s obvious intentions to give her an awareness of the many adversities life can obtain. He has made sure she leads a life that doesn’t result from a spoiled childhood. He made her attentive of a hard days work, which is probably one of the best things a father can teach his child. It is absolutely essential that parents in general teach their children the many hardships life may behold. This gives the child a better direction in means of future obligations. Atwood describes her father’s ambition to show her some of the finer things in life and the beauty of nature and nature’s way of life.

New York: now and then, and the future

New York has the charm to draw the people’s interest from all over the world. New York has been the gateway of immigration in America for centuries has remained the city of dreams for the immigrants; it would not be wrong to call it the. City of American dream. It is the third most populated nation in the US with multicultural population of Italian, Irish, African American, Germany, Hispanic, Asian origin. Living in the city is captivating, because it offers variety of jobs in various areas with higher income and better living conditions. As the city’s population soared up in 20th century, the city witnessed the City subway opening in 1904 and arrival of the skyscrapers, such as Empire State Building, in 1920’s. During the Jazz age (between World War I and Great Depression) immigrant families moved outside Manhattan, raising the population of Brooklyn, which made Brooklyn more populous than Manhattan. During the WW1 and WWII the growths of women workers increased in garment factories triggering the foundation of International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. In 1927, Tin Pan Alley opened the first modern musical (Jerome Kern's Show Boat) in Broadway. One of the most important events in New York history is the Stock Market Crash, that devastated stock market in America in 1929 leading to Great Depression in 1930’s. However, more the finance and business, New York is famous for it politics and politicians. For over eighty years, New York’s politic has been played by the democratic political machine, called Tammany Hal that collapsed after the Republican reformer Fiorello LaGuardia elected mayor in 1934. The city has great monuments and parks and the master builder has been Robert Moses, who constructed bridges, parks and parkways in the 20th century. Later in mid-20th century, New York became a hub for high-tech companies and becoming the headquarter GE, IBM, Eastman Kodak, and Xerox like companies. In     the last quarter of 20th century, the New York population growth has dropped to only 2% (1965 to 1997), from 32% in 1940 to 1965. This drop is caused by the dis-organized city development.   New York is one of the most expensive cities in the world. It has also been associated protectionism and corruption. Another issue is the failure of public welfare as few cheaper rentals are avalible along with affordable quality schools, colleges and public hospitals. Due to lack of the government efforts to cater to these problems, the crime rate is also growing which makes living some where unsafe. It was the tragedy of 9-11 that changed the city in many aspects. The terrorism act had cost not only thousands of lives, but also huge grief in the hearts of its citizens. After 9/11 the government has tightened up the immigration regulations, however the tragedy has brought suspicions in a multicultural city that always welcome outsiders. Even thought the city at present is working on massive developmental projects, there are poor areas in city which has to be revamped. In order to succeed the city government needs to maintain New York international image by working on more horizontal development rather than vertical development. Such plan will need to reconstruct the older city laying the advanced infrastructure for the poor segment at well. Even though there is no perfect city in the world; New York is still one of the best cities to live in. Reference: Lange, Alexandra , Building the (New) New York. Retrieved May 15, 2007, Web site: http://nymag.com/realestate/features/2016/17143/ Malve Von Hassell , (1996). Homesteading in New York City, 1978-1993. Bergin ; Garvey. Jameson W. Doig, (2000). Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority . Columbia University Press.

Why Men Are from Mars and Women Are from Venus.

Why men are from Mars and women are from Venus. Are there any differences on how women and men talk? This is a question many people ponder on everyday. It is easy to assume that because English belongs to the person who uses it, men and women would likely to talk the same way but that may not be the case. Linguistics experts had proven that shown that men and women communicate in different ways. Speech style, word use, and body language are apparent between men and women. Women focus more on making connections, while men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated.In the essay â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† by Deborah Tannen, she believes that even though men and women speak the same lingua franca, but their affirmation of support, conversational patterns and body language are very different. In the earlier years of development, Tannen observes that girls use speech to find confirmation and e stablish intimacy, whereas boys use speech to assert their independence and attain social status (283-5). In a study by psychologist H. M. Leet-Pellegrini who set to find out how men and women communicate with each other and who is more dominant in a conversation. Tannen 284). When women are listening, they will show support by saying things like â€Å"Yeah† and â€Å"That’s right†, even though they are more knowledgeable than the men on that particular topic (Tannen 283). However, this may not be the case for men. Tannen states that when it is the other way around, men tend to say something like â€Å"So you’re the expert. † (283). It showed that when women has superior amount of knowledge than the men, â€Å"It will sparked resentment, not respect†, and because of that â€Å"Women are inclined to play down their expertise rather than display it. † (Tannen 283).Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people wi ll think of them. Tannen feels that men are always trying to grab the leadership role by interrupting, hogging conversations and offering practical information, â€Å"My experience is that if I mention the kind of work I do to women, they usually ask me about it. While men have the tendency of explaining and giving me a lecture on language. † (282-3). In this situation, women find themselves bored and constantly nodding unwillingly as they have been cast as the listener as men lecture them and finds themselves in an asymmetrical conversation (Tannen 288-9).Despite the asymmetrical conversation, in the article Party Line by Rachael Rafelman, she states that women want to be heard. She states that, â€Å"Listening is a part of girl talk since it is at the very center of reciprocal communication. Woman requires it of each other† (Rafelman 320). When a woman talks she gets personal and involved in the conversation, men do not (Rafelman 317). Men love to talk about business and sports so women find the company of men kind of boring (Rafelman 317). It is why some women may find themselves nodding unwilling throughout the conversation.Women on the other hand find comfort in offering and receiving comfort and avoiding confrontation. There's certainly some truth to this. We can see this everywhere. Which men haven’t had heard his wife or female collogue say to him, â€Å"These shoes are killing me? † When he replies, â€Å"Get some new ones then,† or â€Å"Why are you even wearing them,† she is offended and upset. What he should have said was, â€Å"Oh I know exactly how you feel. Mine are killing me too. † Thus, according to Deborah Tannen’s article, considering these facts, no wonder many women grumble about their partners not listening to them (289).They argument that they made, that the men are not listening to them, is actually because they are not getting the response that they wanted to hear (Tannen 289). W omen focus more on making connections; talk and conversation is essential to this process. Women share secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options with their close friends. Men generally take another approach; their groups tend to be larger, focusing on activities rather than conversation. Even though men rather focus on activities rather than conversations, it does not mean that men talk less than women.In Janet Holmes’s essay â€Å"Women Talk Too Much,† Janet Holmes claims that even though many people believe that women talk more than men do, men talks just as much, if not even more, especially when talking enhances their status, power or dominant. Even when they hold influential positions, women sometimes find it hard to contribute as much as men to a discussion. † (300). Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people will think of them and they know that when a woman is superior knowledge, it will sparked r esentment, not respect, as stated in Tannen’s article â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† (283).Aries found out that found that women who did a lot of talking in a group began to feel uncomfortable; they backed off and frequently drew out quieter members of the group (Tannen 291). It is proven that men talk more than women in public, formal context because they perceive that by participating in the conversation it enhances their status and power. I couldn't agree with this more because I think that men are always trying to impress somebody and therefore men always want center stage to prove that (Tannen 286).Thus, men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated. In spite of the differences between men and women that Tannen has shown, in the essay â€Å"Sex Differences† by Ronald Macaulay argues that there is no such thing and beyond any other semantic topic, there have been countles s absurdity about sex differences. Macaulay states, â€Å"Such stereotypes are often reinforced by works of fiction† (309). Tannen disagrees to this. There are differences on how men and women communicate.Tannen said that, â€Å"Men’s style is more literally focused on the message level of the talk, while women’s is focused on the relationship or metamessage level (289). For women, she wants the listener to engage, give feedback and be interested in showing attentiveness while men wants the listener to be quietly enrapt on what he is saying. An interesting fact that I found out in Tannen’s article, which I agree, is the way the men and women sit. They say that men are all spread out with their legs wide open, while women gathered themselves in (Tannen 285). This could not be truer.When I was in the lecturer hall, I just look around in my class and I see all of the guys all spread out and all the girls are like all curled up. Researches have found out tha t speakers using open-bodied position are more likely to persuade their audience (Tannen 285). In a nutshell we can conclude that men impose and lecture their side of the story when speaking while women on the other hand have a more open exchange of ideas. Besides that, men do not show any body signals indicating that they are listening but women on the other hand give signs that show their affirmation or support.Lastly, men generally dominate the conversation most of the time while women just listen passively. Work Cited Page. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"I’ll Explain It To You : Lecturing and Listening†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 281-293. Print. Holmes, Janet. â€Å"Woman Talks Too Much†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 299-305. Print. Rafelman, Rachel. â€Å"The Party Line†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 316-321. Print.

First 15 minutes of Gladiator Essay Example

First 15 minutes of Gladiator Essay Example First 15 minutes of Gladiator Paper First 15 minutes of Gladiator Paper Themes The theme of the movie is introduced right from the beginning when the universal studio logo appears. It is turned into a sepia colour with the music very sad, to separate this movie from any comedy, horror and etc movie. Within the text at the beginning of the movie we as the audience understand that this is a historical movie based on true facts due to the fact that it says true facts about the Roman Empire in the 181AD. The music plays a big role in explaining to us the theme; it is a very sad music, showing sorrow within the film, this gives an idea of a tragic movie to the audience. : Language The language is expressed in English in both text and in oral in the first fifteen minutes of the movie. At the beginning the title is shown in large old Roman fonts followed by texts explaining the current situation on the roman empire (this is also in Roman font but much smaller) in 181AD to put the audience in the right state of mind on what the movie is going to be about and the genre of the movie. Within the text it explains many different aspects of the Roman Empire, mainly superiority a of the Romans but yet on the other hand it says a quarter of the worlds population lived and died under the roman rule therefore this brings the thought of death and cruelty to the audience. At the end of the text the audience is aware that something is going to happen to the Roman Empire because it mentions at the end that the Empire was at its rise. Then at the beginning of the first scene there is only one word which is written in text which is Germania to let the audience know where this scene is situated, on the other hand they could have just wrote Germany whereas Germania is a very roman word therefore it adds to the roman feeling and taste in the movie. Music The music is created by Hans Zimmer, it is very downhearted and melancholy all throughout the movie, it has a touch of Arabic tune in it, to add to the sad tune. It is more like dream music with winds at the background, but on the other hand for the war we have the very martial trumpet and drum song showing strength and power in the army. In this scene the music is a reflection o0n the actions in the movie, for example at the beginning the strings only start to play when the name gladiator appears, and another example is that the trumpets and rums get lauder as the camera goes further away from the scene. Target Audience This scene is based on a fighting scene but on the other hand it ahs an emotional touch to it through the music, therefore boys like wars and girls like emotional movies. On the other hand we have strong men fighting which is also in the interest of girls but we have to keep in mind that the language and the scene used is very much complex for a person under the age of 11/12 because not enough background information is there in the childs brain about the Roman Empire. So we get to the point that this movie is set for everybody above the age of about 13/14, it is an interest of everyone, and on the other hand tragic movies are in the interest of everyone as well specially for the old, due to the fact that many famous play writers such as Shakespeare wrote tragic plays. Camera The camera plays a very important role, because it is the eyes of the audience, in has many close ups and long shots in this scene. At the beginning it makes the audiences concentrate on maximums hand which the director wants to show to the audience that the person with that hand is devoted to his family but the fact that the camera is having a close up on the wedding ring, the camera also shows a wide view of the war which the director here wants to show the audience how organized and strong the Romans were, therefore the camera is probably paling one of the biggest roles in the movie due to the fact that the camera is the audiences eyes. Character The main character used in this story is shown in the first scene as a strong and loved general. And yet the audience know that this man is A GENERAL WHO BECOMES A SLAVE, THE SLAVE WHO BECOMES A GLADIATOR, THE GLADIATOR WHO DEFIED AN EMPIRE because it has been told before the movie starts. Therefore we know that this movie is a stereotype character movie because one mans takes revenge and suffers and struggles a lot in the movie, but yet he becomes a very strong influence in the Roman Empire. The characters are shown very distinctively, for example a bad character such as Comadus is shown pale with evil face, Marcus Aeurileus is shown as an old wise man with white beard. Sound Effect In this scene most things are shown in sound effects, such as the sound of the children playing, to show his devotion to the family, the sound of hissing of the winds hitting our ears showing the coldness and winter, the sound of the horses and the catapults being bulled gives the audience the feeling of an ancient war. Symbolism In this movie symbols were very much involved. Symbols such as robins to show winter, bad people wear black dirty and good people wear bright and clean , a ring is shown to show devotion to family, flowers are always shown to show emotions, in the wars the catapults were shown to show the technology of the roman empire and Comadus is shown with a baby face which symbolizes a child, not an emperor. Many different symbols have been used in this movie to give hints or ideas to the audience on what happens in the movie or what is happening in the movie.

Hamlet - Character Analysis and Relationships

Hamlet - Character Analysis and Relationships Hamlet is the melancholy Prince of Denmark and grieving son to the recently deceased King. Thanks to Shakespeare’s skillful and psychologically-astute characterization, Hamlet is now considered to be the greatest dramatic character ever created. Hamlets Grief From our very first encounter with Hamlet, he is consumed by grief and obsessed by death. Although he is dressed in black to signify his mourning, his emotions run deeper than his appearance or words can convey. In Act 1, Scene 2, he says to his mother: ‘Tis not alone my inky cloak, good-mother,Nor customary suits of solemn black ...Together with all forms, moods, shows of griefThat can denote me truly. These indeed ‘seem’,For they are actions that a man might play;But I have that within which passeth show –These but the trappings and the suits of woe. The depth of Hamlet’s emotional turmoil can be measured against the high spirits displayed by the rest of the court. Hamlet is pained to think that everyone has managed to forget his father so quickly – especially his mother, Gertrude. Within a month of her husband’s death, Gertrude has married her brother-in-law. Hamlet cannot comprehend his mother’s actions and considers them to be an act of treachery. Hamlet and Claudius Hamlet idealizes his father in death and describes him as â€Å"so excellent a king† in his â€Å"O that this too too solid flesh would melt† speech in Act 1, Scene 2. It is, therefore, impossible for the new king, Claudius, to live up to Hamlet’s expectations. In the same scene, he pleads with Hamlet to think upon him as a father – an idea that furthers Hamlet’s contempt: We pray you to throw to earthThis unprevailing woe, and think of usAs of a father When the ghost reveals that Claudius killed the king to take the throne, Hamlet vows to avenge his father’s murder. However, Hamlet is emotionally disorientated and finds it difficult to take action. He cannot balance his overwhelming hatred for Claudius, his all-encompassing grief and the evil required to carry out his revenge. Hamlet’s desperate philosophizing leads him into a moral paradox: that he must commit murder to avenge murder. Hamlet’s act of revenge is inevitably delayed amid his emotional turmoil. Hamlet After Exile We see a different Hamlet return from exile in Act 5: his emotional turmoil has been replaced by perspective, and his anxiety replaced by cool rationality. By the final scene, Hamlet has come to the realization that killing Claudius is his destiny: Theres a divinity that shapes our ends,Rough-hew them how we will. Perhaps Hamlet’s new-found confidence in fate is little more than a form of self-justification; a way to rationally and morally distance himself from the murder he is about to commit. It is the complexity of Hamlet’s characterization that has made him so enduring. Today, it is difficult to appreciate how revolutionary Shakespeare’s approach to Hamlet was because his contemporaries were still penning two-dimensional characters. Hamlet’s psychological subtlety emerged in a time before the concept of psychology had been invented – a truly remarkable feat.

The Bestest Educational Blogs 2014

The Bestest Educational Blogs 2014 Holiday season has almost started and 2014 is coming to the end. Seems like its a perfect time to look back, make an overview of the years most popular trends and projects, give some praise and appreciation to those who were successful, useful, supportive and made difference in 2014. Thats why we made a list of blogs on education and college life, which in our opinion provide valuable tips, cover important issues, offer fresh ideas and have their own unique voice. For your convenience, blogs are divided into sections according to the theme, purpose and authorship. With no further delay, meet our top educational blogs 2014! Teachers Blogs 2014 Great teachers are usually education enthusiasts. They are following latest trends and are willing to share their experince, knowledge and skills with fellow teachers and students. Following authoritative educators blogs you will not only get valuable study tips, but will understand your professors and their requirements better. The Nerdy Teacher (thenerdyteacher.com) Insights into education, modern technologies and other nerdy things. Hunting English (huntingenglish.com) Practical learning tips, study strategies and excellent infographics MathyCathys Blog (mathycathy.com/blog) Progressive views on education, ideas to understand math better with the help of modern technologies. DY/Dan (blog.mrmeyer.com) Mind games, math theories, conference overviews and ways to make math more attractive for students Joanne Jacobs Blog (joannejacobs.com) Controversial issues, educational news and extracurricular activities for educators and students Students and Graduates Blogs Students usually have not so much time to blog. However, those who do find time, can share a lot of interesting about study hacks and college life with student eyes. Graduates have even more to tell about their experience of college survival. That Girl Magazine (thatgirlmag.com) Brown University student, linguistics major with a special world outlook A Law Students Journey (threeyearsofdeath.blogspot.com) Former law student sharing tips on law school survival Aspiring Docs Diaries (aspiringdocsdiaries.org) Collective blog by medical students for medical students The English Student (theenglishstudent.com/blog) Master in Adult Education Jenny shares learning materials, language learning tips and motivation College Life Blogs Want to know more about college life even before it actually begins? Want to be aware of latest trends, news and every aspect of college life? Fortunately, there are blogs versatile and dynamic enough to cover chaotic college life in its fullest! Her Campus (hercampus.com) A stylish girly blog about everything a college student may be interested in Seventeen (seventeen.com) College life tips mixed with beauty and fashion advice, celebrity news and quizes College Fashion (collegefashion.net) Latest fashion trends and style tips for college students DormDelicious (dormdelicious.com) Room designs, decoration tips and diy ideas for any campus living student College Candy (collegecandy.com) College is much more than studies! Follow fashion, entertain, take care of your body and soul Students and Finances Blogs The financial side of college life bothers the majority of students. How to live on budget, control your finances, and spend money wisely? The following blogs aim to answer financial questions and make your college life easier. Broke Millenial (brokemillennial.com) Tips on money saving, graduating college debt free and increasing financial literacy The Broke and Beautiful Life (thebrokeandbeautifullife.com) Practical advice on conscious spending and getting extra income Teens Got Cents (teensgotcents.com) Blog teaching teens to be financially smart - whatever it may meen Poorer Than You (poorerthanyou.com) Financial advice on savings, budgeting, earning and spending money, evaluating job offers and much more The Diary of a Poor Girl (thediaryofapoorgirl.blogspot.co.uk) Personal blog of witty and creative brunette sharing her life experience, financial and relationship tips Students and Cooking Blogs Cooking while in college can be a real challenge. Lack of skills, time and money make students opt for junk food three times a day. However, the following blogs show that cooking can be easy, cheap and surprisingly fun! Full-Thyme Student (fullthymestudent.com) Cooking in college can be easy, quick and save your budget if you know good recipes and tips to follow Collegiate Cook (collegiatecook.com) Useful and practical campus guides for fast and delicious cooking Poor Girl Eats Well (poorgirleatswell.com) Tips on how to eat healthy, delicious food and save your money at the same time Budget Bytes (budgetbytes.com) Great and creative recipes to keep your stomach full as well as your wallet Career and Internships Blogs College years is the time when you create the basis for future career. So, it is reasonable to start making your way into career world, learning about job application process and career opportunities, building network with potential employers, applying for internships and getting valuable experience. Quintessential Careers (quintcareers.com) Quintessential blog for job hunters, providing reÐ ¸Ã'‰sume and interview tips, career resources and employment tips Chegg Blog (blog.chegg.com) The versatile article topics include internship and job opportunities, as well as study tips, college life hack and much more Lindsey Pollak (lindseypollak.com/blog) Expert career advice for millenials to find job, stay productive and build a successful career College Aftermath (collegeaftermath.com) Is there life after graduation? What is it like? Find the answer to all post-graduation questions bothering you Intern Queen Blog (internqueen.com/blog) Fresh and interesting internship opportunities along with useful tips on smooth graduation and successful employment Have anyhing to add? Your feedback and comments are always welcome!

Customer Inserts Grade Course Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Inserts Grade Course - Research Paper Example For instance, minorities such as Native Indians and Hispanics exist in sectors such as healthcare, education and the economy persist. The interests of major groups prevent people from minority groups from accessing their rights since their interests triumph over other rights. In his book, Kessler explains that justice involves the distribution of burdens and benefits fairly according to the relevant differences and similarities. Therefore, based on this we witness that justice has not been practiced in the United States of America for a long period of time (Kessler 118). During the Hurricane Katrina disaster in the United States that affected most of the southern states heavily populated by black population. The response to the hurricane was slow and this goes out to shoe that racial discrimination prevents the dispensation of justice in the United States (Isbister 119). Sex: Gender segregation and discrimination has become a common form of injustice in the United States. Certain job s have been reserved for different people and these jobs include services of people in the fire service, special corps and other jobs which are reserved for men. This discrimination that is gender based does not help bringing justice to the United States. In most cases, there is no law of natural justice since it is flawed and made by human beings. Human beings are created differently and this leads to inequality among different people in the society. Because of the gender disparity in the US society it is difficult to come to the conclusion that it is possible to find justice in the United States (Kim 212). Discrimination and disparity based on gender is quite difficult to cure and this grows the gap in the allowing for justice to... During the Hurricane Katrina disaster in the United States that affected most of the southern states heavily populated by black population. The response to the hurricane was slow and this goes out to shoe that racial discrimination prevents the dispensation of justice in the United States (Isbister 119). Sex: Gender segregation and discrimination has become a common form of injustice in the United States. Certain jobs have been reserved for different people and these jobs include services of people in the fire service, special corps and other jobs which are reserved for men. This discrimination that is gender based does not help bringing justice to the United States. In most cases, there is no law of natural justice since it is flawed and made by human beings. Human beings are created differently and this leads to inequality among different people in the society. Because of the gender disparity in the US society it is difficult to come to the conclusion that it is possible to find ju stice in the United States (Kim 212). Discrimination and disparity based on gender is quite difficult to cure and this grows the gap in the allowing for justice to be practised. The issue of gender has been so emotive that it features highly in many presidential and elective politics in the Unites States. In his book, Kessler he argues that by giving preferential treatment to minorities such as women in so called affirmative action amounts to an injustice. Since, the principle of justice states that all things or everybody is equal.

Increase of fruit and vegetable consumption by promoting them as an Essay

Increase of fruit and vegetable consumption by promoting them as an alternative to less healthy snacks - Essay Example They calculated factor scores for each participant and examined prospectively the associations between their dietary patterns and colon and rectal cancer risks. Quite astonishingly, the results were quite alarming. The prudent pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains, while the Western pattern, was characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meats, sweets and desserts, French fries, and refined grains. During 12 years of follow-up, they identified 445 cases of colon cancer and 101 cases of rectal cancer. After adjusting for potential confounders, they observed a relative risk for colon cancer of 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 0.97-2.19) when comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of the Western pattern (P value for trend across quintiles, .02). The prudent pattern had a non-significant inverse association with colon cancer (relative risk for fifth quintile compared with the first, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.00; P for trend across quintiles, .31). ... and the risk of colon cancer."( Fung, Hu, Fuchs, Gioannucci, Hunter, Stampfer, Colditz, and Willet, Programs in Nutrition, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA. fung@simmons.edu).1 This paper is targeted at the time-starved office-goers and health conscious people. African Americans have a higher risk for almost all heart-related diseases compared to the native whites for the simple reason that they consume less to moderate amount of fruits and vegetables. Heart disease, obesity, blood pressure, cancer, and diabetes are common forms of disease that can affect them more. Fruits and vegetables provide abundant vitamins and minerals to maintain a healthy body. There are distinct advantages in consuming fruits and vegetables compared to the less healthy snacks. Phy-to-chemicals Despite the fact that we come across food that fills our palate and is easy on the pocket at every street corner, it must be said that most of these food supplements may not be as healthy as one would expect it to be. Fast foods are a mixture of fatty and less healthy substances. This does not in any way take away the gullible replenishment of the youth and office goers. Life on the fast track can be unforgiving. Where does one have the time and inclination to spend time looking for a health specific menu when time is their biggest enemy Walking up to a restaurant to grab a quick bite may sound a tempting proposition, but the fact remains that not all these food are as healthy and nourishing as we think. The gradual side effects could be more harmful and painful than a more planned intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. A growing body of research proved that fruits and vegetables are critical to promoting good health. In fact, fruits and vegetables should be the foundation of a

Sarbanes Oaxley Act And Reporting Of Employee Compensation Essay

Sarbanes Oaxley Act And Reporting Of Employee Compensation - Essay Example The reason of the new law is to defend depositors by developing the accurateness and consistency of company revelations. The law formed a sovereign Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to supervise the inspection of public companies to shield the interest of investors and additionally the public interest in offering functional and correct information. Further sections of the act comprise but are not inadequate to Corporate Responsibility, Auditor Independence, and Enhanced Financial Disclosures. The law also deals with company and illegal scam, and it gives illicit punishments for defrauding shareholders of publicly dealt companies. Since the SEC has oversight and enforcement influence over the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, it is expected that the SEC will have input into auditing and corporate authority concerns after the establishment of the board in 2003 and as its rules come into existence. The Act forbids companies from expanding, openly or not directly, acclaim in the shape of private loans to its executive officers and directors. Accessible loans (as of July 30, 2002) are grand fathered as long as the terms of such loans are not customized. This ban influence ordinary performance like cashless exercises of stock options, advances and loans to help with home purchases, and might influence certain slit dollar arrangements and 401(k) plan loans. The Act a Closedown Limitations Notice Necessities The Act atonement the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") to need that plan administrators of distinct payment plans offer advance notice to plan members of an imminent "blackout period." For this reason, a blackout phase is described as a period of three (3) or more successive business days through which members' aptitude to direct or branch out possessions in their accounts, or to attain loans or to division from a plan, is restricted or limited. A blackout period does not embrace any postponements, limits or boundaries that (1) happen by cause of request of the securities laws, (2) pertain to simply one member, or (3) are alterations to the plan that offer for a frequently programmed deferral, restriction or constraint, provided such alterations are revealed to members. Plan members usually should obtain notice of the blackout period at least 30 days earlier than the beginning of the blackout period. The notice must offer: Causes for the blackout period; Pretentious investments; Duration of the blackout period; A declaration that members and recipients should assess the suitability of their present investments in light of the limitations forced throughout the blackout period. Any other matter required under system. The Department of Labor is authorized under the Act, to accumulate a civil fine of up to $100 a day per member for collapse to offer the notice. The Department in addition, is aimed at issuing a replica notice no

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean Reflection papers Essay

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean Reflection papers - Essay Example In the book, The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean, the author has shown the rise of ethnicity and ethnic movement in the Caribbean region (Harry 120). This in itself is not new since other regions have also recorded such movements. For instance, USA reported racial movement during the fight to eliminate racial discrimination against black people. It was a movement based on race and not ethnic. The case of the Caribbean and Latin America is based on both race and ethnicity. Much of it is caused by the struggle for political power among the political classes. Many believe that winning a political election as well as a political office has to be backed with the ethnical unity. Because of this, the author has outlined the rise of ethnicity and ethnic movements, which aimed at soliciting power from those, perceived not to be coming from the same ethnic. Similarly, the author has talked about nationalism and gender, which has to do with identity (132). Caribbean and Latin America gained independence from colonialists, but still struggling to gain its identity. The regions are struggling with different problems as well as influence from interested states. Because of this, the regions have to look for their identity through clinching on nationalism (135). The philosophy of nationalism gives a country its identity and freedom from outside influence. The issue of gender comes in because of the feminist struggle to get recognition in the day-to-day running of the government. Most of the Latin America and Caribbean countries have not included female individuals in the development. This brings the struggle for women recognition. As much as the countries want to get their identity and independence, women should not be forgotten as they also play an important role. The situation in Latin America and Caribbean is not different from the rest of the developing countries. Most of these countries overlook upon women and do

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the Essay

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the interior design program, what values and contributions does the field of interior design offe - Essay Example During cold someone won’t prefer ice cream; instead he will look for a thing of another kind preferably coffee. That is what people want; to adjust with environment. Adjustment takes place in two basic steps: one is judgment where one tries to inspect the level of satisfaction by comparison and another is selection which comes into mind if first one directs to do so. Fashionable clothes, jewelries, rich food etc are common example of this. But what about shelter? All these luxurious wants go to slum if you don’t have place to take deep breath. After daily hard work when we return home, we look for peace, relaxation and happiness. It’s a place which refreshes our mind and gives us energy to face daily problems. So home also needs designing and proper arrangements with all facilities within that in order to bring ease and comfort in our life. This work can be beautifully done with help of interior designer. Nowadays Interior designer has more responsibilities, as e verybody has different needs and level of satisfaction; and he needs to satisfy customers’ thinking after maintaining his own constraints (budget, profit, house area etc...). Design is a term related to creativity. Interior design is a process to improve human interaction with the living environment. An interior designer is a qualified person who works on interior spaces to improve its quality and with a vision to enhance the lifestyle of human being, making it healthier and safer (Znoy, Jason A, 2004). It’s not about profession and revenues; but the art reflects to his personal life too as society is not a group of families rather individuals! One dominating factor comes and that is financial effort. One designer will do the work for mankind but a large class of people is not in a position to adopt it. Here comes the challenge. What’s that contribution where all are not getting the chance to feel pleasure? So, design must be flexible and easily acceptable. Nowadays People misunderstand

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Economics - Essay Example There is an inverse relationship between a country’s current account and its foreign debt, all things remaining equal. This can be observed from the current account and foreign debt statistics of Australia, in the current year. In the year 2009 there is a deficit in Australia’s current account. This is because of a continued rise in its net foreign debt which results in a negative impact on a country’s current account. As shown in the figure below – the total current account deficit for the year 2009 amounts to $6346 million. Revenue gains received by a country help in increasing the balance in its current account while excessive expenditure leads to a deficit. Thus, if a country imports more goods and services than the goods and services it exports, it leads to a deficit in its current account and vice versa (Daly, 2004). The above figure shows an increase in Australia’s net foreign debt, over the years from $506,355 million in 2006- 07 to $616,650 million in 2008 – 09 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009), thus indicating that its exports far exceeds its imports, and the savings are relatively lower as well. Thus, it can be said that there is an inverse relationship between current account deficit and foreign debt of a country, as the foreign debt increases, with savings remaining constant, there is a deficit in the current account while, a reduction in foreign debt, increase in exports, increase in savings, etc would lead to a surplus in the country’s current account. Another significant relationship between CAD (current account deficit) and foreign debt of a country is the fact that as the country experiences a CAD it leads to an increase in foreign borrowings, which is required to pay off the deficit, which ultimately leads to a further increase in foreign debt. As the fore ign debt rises, the interest on it rises simultaneously,

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the Essay

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the interior design program, what values and contributions does the field of interior design offe - Essay Example During cold someone won’t prefer ice cream; instead he will look for a thing of another kind preferably coffee. That is what people want; to adjust with environment. Adjustment takes place in two basic steps: one is judgment where one tries to inspect the level of satisfaction by comparison and another is selection which comes into mind if first one directs to do so. Fashionable clothes, jewelries, rich food etc are common example of this. But what about shelter? All these luxurious wants go to slum if you don’t have place to take deep breath. After daily hard work when we return home, we look for peace, relaxation and happiness. It’s a place which refreshes our mind and gives us energy to face daily problems. So home also needs designing and proper arrangements with all facilities within that in order to bring ease and comfort in our life. This work can be beautifully done with help of interior designer. Nowadays Interior designer has more responsibilities, as e verybody has different needs and level of satisfaction; and he needs to satisfy customers’ thinking after maintaining his own constraints (budget, profit, house area etc...). Design is a term related to creativity. Interior design is a process to improve human interaction with the living environment. An interior designer is a qualified person who works on interior spaces to improve its quality and with a vision to enhance the lifestyle of human being, making it healthier and safer (Znoy, Jason A, 2004). It’s not about profession and revenues; but the art reflects to his personal life too as society is not a group of families rather individuals! One dominating factor comes and that is financial effort. One designer will do the work for mankind but a large class of people is not in a position to adopt it. Here comes the challenge. What’s that contribution where all are not getting the chance to feel pleasure? So, design must be flexible and easily acceptable. Nowadays People misunderstand

Einstein for Aspergers Essay Example for Free

Einstein for Aspergers Essay Einstein a Case Study for Aspergers Christina Parker PSY 410 February 6, 2012 Dr. Melda Jones Einstein a Case Study for Aspergers Mental illness has existed as long as humans have, but only in the last hundred years or so have psychologist started to truly understand mental illness. There is still much, that is unknown about mental illness and human behavior. One mental disorder that was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) in 1994 is Asperger’s Disorder. This disorder is usually diagnosed in early childhood, but in Albert Einstein’s time Asperger’s Disorder was unknown. Einstein had many of the diagnostic criteria for Asperger’s Disorder but was not diagnosed. Einstein was quiet and withdrawn, but had an amazing mind for mathematics. In comparison, Temple Grandin was diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder and has many of the same mannerisms as Einstein. Overview of Asperger’s Disorder’s History Dr. Hans Asperger studied children that acted differently from others in the 1940s. Dr. Asperger called these children â€Å"Little Professors† because they were so interesting. In 1980s Dr. Lorna Wing called children with Asperger’s (AS) high-functioning autism individuals. In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) added AS. Asperger’s Syndrome (ASD) is a distinct group of neurological conditions characterized by greater or lesser degrees of impairment in language and communication skills with repetitive or restrictive patterns of thoughts and behaviors. There is no known cause or treatment for AS. The parents of children with AS often by or before the child’s third birthday sense that something is amiss in his or her child’s behavior or developmental skills. Two out of 10,000 children statistically diagnosed with AS or ASD. Boys are three to four times more likely than girls to have AS or ASD. The children exhibit delayed psychomotor skills (crawling and walking), and have problems with communicating and socializing with other children. AS children have an obsession with one topic or interests excluding other topics and interests. AS children have a formal speech that lacks rhythm and modulation. AS children appear clumsy when they walk and may have delayed motor skills (catching a ball, pedaling a bike, and other skills). The cause of AS or ASD is unknown but is thought to be genetic because AS tends to run in families. The part of the brain that controls social behavior functions differently or develops differently from other children without AS. The part of the brain that controls body movements and balance are also different in AS children than other children. ASD is a high-functioning autism disorder. Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome Explained There is no known cause of autism. Research today is using MRI imaging to determine how the Autism brain is structured. Dr. Grandin explains her condition like this: The brain is an office; the frontal lobe is the office manager. The other compartments of the brain are like the many departments in an office. The office departments do not communicate well between the other offices such as sales, product development, management, and so on. The autistic brain has to be understood and trained in a way that works best for the individual. No one treatment works for every autistic individual. Finding what motivates the individual’s fear and helping the individual to overcome or change the environment to a less chaotic one will help the individual to learn and progress. Autistic individuals do not understand facial expressions or tone changes in voices. Behavioral issues such as defecation and twitching are common with Asperger’s and Autism. Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome are high-end functioning Autistic individuals. To understand Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome, Dr. Grandin suggests that people move away from language. The nonverbal child does not understand language. The nonverbal child is sensory-based and has a complex disorder that is based on sights, sounds, smells, and touch. Cultivating the way the individual’s method of thinking will prevent fear that causes anxieties will help the individual progress. Autistic individuals have high IQs and the ability to concentrate on one subject for a long time. Most autistic individuals are gifted in math, sciences, computers, tables, astrology, and other nonsocial areas that rely on thinking skills. A Look at Einstein and Grandin Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was born in 1879 to Hermann and Pauline Einstein (a middle-class German-Jewish family). Einstein scarcely spoke and was quiet more than backward as a young child. His sister remembers his concentration and ability to build tall houses and multiple storied levels of playing card houses. At age 4 or 5 Einstein marveled at how a magnetic compass needle invariably swung northward. This caused Einstein to conclude that something invisible was behind everything sparking his interest in Physics at a young age. As late as age nine Einstein was hesitant to speak, and did so pausing to select his words carefully. His parents feared that he was below average in intelligence. At the age of 12 Einstein’s love for mathematics and physics was sparked by a booklet on Euclidian Plane Geometry. This booklet proved to Einstein that there was a lucidity and certainty in theory and made an impression on him permanently. School depended on memorization and arbitrary authority of the teachers and faculty and was not conducive to Einstein’s way of learning. At 15 Einstein quit school and moved to Italy with his family where his family was trying to start a business. He studied Mathematics, Physics, and Philosophy at home. His uncle, an engineer, and a medical student who ate with his family once a week are credited with stimulating Einstein’s young mind. Was Einstein’s brain different? Einstein died in 1955 and gave his brain to science. A pathologist named Thomas Harvey quickly preserved his brain, and made samples, and sections. Pathologists Harvey concluded that other than Einstein’s brain seeming smaller than most brains, his was not unusual. Sandra F. Witelson and colleagues studied Einstein’s brain again in 1999, and discovered that it lacked a wrinkle found in other brains (the parietal operculum), and other regions on each side of Einstein’s brain appeared to be larger and unusual features in the inferior parietal lobes thought to be the area of visual imagery and mathematical thinking. This concludes that Einstein’s brain was more equipped by this region than most individuals. Does this prove or disprove that Einstein had Asperger’s? There is no conclusive historical evidence to determine if Einstein had Asperger’s. What we do know is Einstein was capable of deep concentration, and had perseverance. He graduated without distinction, his learning style and the school learning system of his time did not get along. He sought physics because he could seek out paths that led to the depths. In other words Einstein preferred to be free to think on the invisible things behind things. It was Einstein’s ability to think deeply on physics that put him first in the race to the theory in relativity. Einstein made friends with colleagues like Marcel Grossman, Michele Besso, Paul Ehrenfest, and Freidrich Adler. His wife Mileva Maric was the only female in his physics class. Even though Einstein renounced his German citizenship when he left Germany for Italy, he could not resist the invitation to Berlin’s Prussian Academy of Sciences, he had no teaching duties and access to the greatest scientific minds of his day. Fame in physics starved and destroyed his marriage to his wife Mileva, and then divorced in 1919. The same year of his divorce Einstein married his cousin whom he had an affair with since 1914 and settled with Elsa Lowenthal and her two daughters until his death in 1955. Einstein as a young boy, a young teen, a young man, and an older man (Image  © The Albert Einstein Archives, The Jewish National ; University Library, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. ) Temple Grandin Dr. Temple Grandin was thought to be different by her Mother from a very early age. At two Dr. Grandin could not speak and exhibited behavioral issues. Her Father and consulted doctors wanted to put Dr. Grandin in an institution. Dr. Grandin’s Mother would not have her daughter put in an institution. Instead, Dr. Grandin’s Mother sent her daughter to private schools and to private speech therapy. Dr. Grandin was teased as a child in school. Dr. Temple states that early intervention is vital to best outcomes in autistic children. According to Dr. Grandin there are three types of Autism thinkers: Visual, Pattern, and Word. Visual thinkers are terrible at algebra and good at geometry. Pattern thinkers have difficulty with reading. Word thinkers are good with facts in favorite subjects. Dr. Grandin thinks in pictures, sees a series of slides like a search engine. During her lecture Dr. Grandin was tired from air travel and this caused her to lose train of thought if movement or noises were made by audience. Dr. Grandin explained that she cannot screen out the sensory issues that trigger her distractions. Dr. Grandin admits to having panic attacks, and anxiety. Anti-depressants help autistic individuals overcome anxiety, panic attacks, and OCD issues. Dr. Grandin correlates animal behaviors and fears with autism and how people handle animals also can be used to handle autistic individuals. When Dr. Grandin was born her parents were told she had infantile schizophrenia. Since her birth two Doctors one in the United States named Dr. Leo Canner and one in Canada named Dr. Asperger began studying children who displayed certain characteristics: no facial expression, lack of social skills, the ability to concentrate on one subject, and certain other emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. Dr. Grandin was born in Boston, Mass. on August 29, 1947. Dr. Grandin has earned degrees from Franklin Pierce College, Arizona State University, University of Illinois, and has earned Honorary Doctorates from McGill University, University of Illinois, and Duke University. The United States and Canada Meat Plants use Dr. Grandin’s equipment designs developed for Animal Welfare Guidelines. Dr. Grandin’s focus of study is in alleviating anxiety of intense fear and hypersensitivities to sound in Human and Animal populations. Dr. Grandin wrote autobiographies of her life with autism, which amazed the autistic community (Thinking in Pictures and Other Reports from My Life with Autism- 1995, and Emergence: Labeled Autistic – 1986). Dr. Grandin, has acquired many awards, lectures all over the United States, was inducted into the Cowgirl Hall of Fame and is a member of the board of directors Autism Society of America. Dr. Grandin has developed her own website: www. grandin. com to communicate with people on the subject of autism, and animal handling. Humane groups recognize Dr. Grandin’s work to alleviate animal fears, and her biography featured on HBO has won several Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe, and Peabody Award in 2011. Dr. Grandin has written several books, chapter books, journals, and other publications proving that people with Asperger’s and Autism can succeed. Conclusion There is so much that humanity does not know about human behavior and mental illness, but psychology continues to make advancements in the area. Asperger’s Disorder is just one example of how psychology has advanced. In Einstein’s time there was not a name for his â€Å"weird quirks†, but by the time Temple Grandin was born these similar â€Å"quirks† were known as Asperger’s Disorder. Einstein was brilliant in mathematics and similar fields of study, but could not form true intimate bonds with other people. Dr. Grandin was also brilliant but in another area of study and she also cannot form true intimate bonds with people.

Understanding Perovskite Film Characterization Routes

Understanding Perovskite Film Characterization Routes Introduction: A perovskite sun illicit chamber is a sort out of daylight based cubicle which consolidates a perovskite cool, calm and collected compound, a good number flask halide-based material, to the same extent the light-social result dynamic layer. Perovskite materials, in favor of instance, methylammonium lead halides are modest in the direction of progress to as a consequence undemanding headed for make. Sun based cubicle efficiencies of strategy with these supplies say unlimited since 3.8% participating in 2009 on the way to 22.1% popular median 2016. The last name perovskite daylight based cell is gotten starting the ABX3 expensive gemstone constitute of the care for materials, because perovskite of structure. Generally, on average careful perovskite safeguard is methylammonium principal trihalide (CH3NH3PbX3, somewhere X is a halogen molecule, used for instance, iodine, bromine before chlorine), plus an optical bandgap inside the constituency of 1.5 plus 2.3 eV depending leading halide content. Formamidinum indication trihalide (H2NCHNH2PbX3) has moreover exhibited ensure, by means of bandgaps in the sphere of the district of 1.5 along with 2.2 eV. The dishonorable bandgap is earlier toward the tighten up used for a separate than methylammonium lead trihalide, therefore it be supposed to transpire all set instead of upper efficiencies. The basic waste going on perovskite daylight based device was popular a shading file sect via CsSnI3.. A dull worry is the fuse of direct such as a bit of the perovskite materials; sun based cells during tin-based perovskite shields, on behalf of instance, CH3NH3SnI3 experience moreover been represented in the company of hand down restriction adjust efficiencies . Diagrams demonstrates the energy exchange efficiencies of the perovskite-primarily based devices over late years apparently with emanant photovoltaic research improvement and besides traditional thin film photovoltaics. Figure 1: Perovskite sunlight hours primarily based cells have extended in strength alternate adequacy at a remarkable rate diverged from various sorts of photovoltaics Perovskites are a group of resources with the purpose of stake a nearly like structure, which operate a crowd of brisk properties in the manner of superconductivity, magnetoresistance with the sky is the ultimate beginning so as to point. These adequately together supplies are seen equally the luck of daylight based cells, since their explicit put together makes them refine on behalf of engaging insignificant exertion, profitable photovoltaics. Figure 2: Pervoskite. a making slight film PV class is being enclosed, in like path named third period PVs, which proposes PVs utilizing advances that can conquer current ampleness and execution limits or depend on upon novel materials. This third moment of PVs wires DSSC, ordinary photovoltaic (OPV), quantum bit (QD) PV and perovskite PV. A perovskite sun situated cell is some sort of daylight based cell which fuses a perovskite sorted out compound, most for probably the most part a cross regular inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-gathering dynamic layer. Perovskite materials, for example, methylammonium lead halides are humble to produce and large an easy task to manufacture. Perovskites have inalienable properties like wide maintenance territory, brisk charge parcel, long transport detachment of electrons and openings, long transporter division lifetime, which make them to a good degree empowering materials for solid state sun situated cells. Perovskite sun based totally cells desire to construct the performance and lower the value of solar based essentialness. Perovskite PVs for beyond any doubt keep ensure for excessive efficiencies,.A noteworthy favored point of view perovskite PVs has over preferred solar located advancement is they can react to various precise wavelengths of mild, which allows them to exchange over a more outstanding measure of the light that receives in touch with them into power. Likewise, they offer flexibility, semi-straightforwardness, specifically fitted part elements, light-weight and that is currently the start. Regularly, gadget originators and researchers are positive that such residences will open up numerous extra packages for sun arranged cells. One difficulty is their preferred price , and every other is that much less expensive perovskite sunlight hours based cells have a quick future. Perovskite PVs furthermore smash down rapidly internal seeing wetness and the ruin matters strike steel anodes. Overpowering exemplification to assure perovskite can upload to the cellphone price and weight. Scaling up is every other problem high performance opinions were proficient the use of little cells, that is great for lab trying out, but too little to possibly be used as a bit of a real sun based board. An vital problem is dangerous fine a substance known as PbI is one of the breakdown after effects of perovskite. This is thought to be poisonous and there are stresses that it can be disease bringing on .In like manner, numerous perovskite cells use lead, an significant tainting. Examiners are consistently attempting to find substitutions, and feature officially made working cells the use of tin. Perovskite Fabrication: The structure beneath addresses a wellknown (non-adjusted) perovskite sun arranged cell primarily based upon a preferred glass/ITO substrates with metallic again contact. All this is required to shape a operating device from the perovskite are two rate-specific. An significant range of the usual interface layers from the universe of normal photovoltaics work for the most part nicely. For example, PEDOT:PSS and the PTAA-class of polymers ability wonderfully as starting interface layers, while PCBM, C60, ZnO and TiO2 makes convincing electron interfaces. Regardless, the sector is new to the point that there is a boundless record of possible interface substances to be researched. Figure 3: structure of perovskite sunlight based cell. 2. Characterization of Perovskite: Material characterization settle for a basic half in power phenomenon (PV) analyze and is essential understand the extensiveness of latest improvements . Several systems from particles to teams ar beginning at currently accessible to decide on the structure and properties of PV materials, structures and devices. To understand remuneration by native flaws or probably accidental wrecking influences, and in the instance of crystalline materials, grain limit imperfections and prompts comprehension of real cell efficiencies. The final characterization are often achieved simply with a blend of new portrayal ways to incorporate the basic method of characterization. There are several characterization of perovskite solar cell such as XRD, SEM ,AFM ,KPFM ,Photo Celiv, impedance ,XPS/UPS and UV -VIS . 2.1. X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) Beginning at currently high ability skinny film electrical happening sun organized cells tools square measure being created in assortment of crystallographic outlines: epitaxial, crystalline, transparent or imprecise. Essential and microstructural parameters of those devices square check notably linked to the execution of the sunshine burning cell. Considering the broad extent of materials and structures used as somewhat of creating the sun care managed cells there rectangular measure a broad group of x-shaft optical trend and dispersing methodology and geometries which will be used for depiction of sun handled cell device. XRD is associate degree in a situation non-perilous examination mechanical assemblage that offers quantitative data on the crystalline periods in thin-film structures. Which has a smart alternative of X-bar supply and optical real mathematics, XRD examination can be related to a diverse assortment of crystalline and crystalline materials used for PV. precisely once used as a chunk of conjunction with compound assessments, a separated depiction of thin-film structures will be delivered. XRD strategies count on after the dispersing of X-pillars by the particles in an exceedingly discontinuous bunch, i. e., the cross-punch phase. wise diffusive happens once the stage separate between the scattered surf from particles within the cross-space planes is actually a varied of 2, an ailment thats geometrically met when the method length qualification of the scattered waves is surely an elementary number of wavelengths. The lure is finding the illustration and discoverer at positions in house w ith reference to the scene column so optic phenomenon maxima will be distinguished. totally different agreements, for example, the turning valuable stone system, the Laue procedure and then the powder methodology block measure comprehensively used for crystallographic analysis. assortments of the powder system square measure utilized, having a powder or film illustration lying digressively to a concentrating drift represented by the partition between the X-pillar supply emanant difference and therefore the circumstance during this procedure, an control most outrageous within the diffracted surface is found when the affiliation between the picture . The example is lighted with a lightweight emission x-beams on the variable goal extend. Association within the specimen brings regarding diffracted x-beams once the Bragg condition is consummated. occurring spectra area unit traditional for man-made piece and stage. The procedure terribly provides level ID (e. g. co2 ), on-board stage measuring, the troubles crystallinity, crystal size and building block estimate. To get superimposed materials, Grazing Occurrence XRD (GIXRD) permits integrative profundity identification of phases within the structure. Non-damaging examination with characteristic proof of stage e. g. quartz/cristobalite/tridymite for silicon dioxide Stage analysis, the troubles crystallinity and estimation of crystal and building wedge live Profundity identification of integrative and stage changes within superimposed materials by Grazing Incidence XRD Estimation of layer thickness on the nm scale for really clean materials utilizing Ray x Reflectivity (XRR) The cause for this review is to look at impact of grouping doping at variable molar proportion of I, Cl, and Br in inorganic-herbal sun based basically cells utilising CH3NH3PbI3xyBrxCly perovskite mixes. The impact of incredibly stay of grouping doping of I, Cl and Br mixes in the perovskite shape on the electrical phenomenon conduct are going to be tested for boosting the electronic transporting conduct. By using XRD, perovskite layer are going to be Affirmed for finding an sincere situation and development in the gem structure. Electrical phenomenon cells of fluorine-doped tin-oxide (FTO) FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3 PbI3xyBrxCly/HTL/Au. Figure demonstrates XRDs of the perovskite solar bound cells doped with I, Cl and Br. The optical phenomenon styles of CH3NH3PbI3, PbI2 and TiO2 have been outstanding as comments. Beneath customary states of institution doping of I, a solid optical phenomenon high in 2ÃŽÂ ¸ changed into nonheritable to be fourteen.07Ë  , evaluation to be around half of-dozen.29 Ã… in d-dividing. The setting apart changed into apportioned to the (one hundred) floor of perovskite gem shape. Energies 2016, 9, 376 five of ten halogen doping of I, a strong optical phenomenon prime in 2ÃŽÂ ¸Ã‚  became nonheritable to be fourteen.07 °, contrast to be around 6.29 Ã… in dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ spacing. The dividing turned into relegated to the (100) floor of perovskite gem structure. Incidence gauge boson to current amendment efficiencies (IPCEs). FIG: Table records the optical phenomenon parameters of a hundred of the perovskite gem shape doped through I, Cl whats extra, Br. The go phase consistent changed into quite diminished by means of a mixture of grouping doping of I, Cl and Br. The dividing became faded via enlargement of Cl and Br mixes as contrasted and i. The crystal measure swollen from 387 Ã… to 486 Ã… by means of enlargement of the grouping doping using I, Cl and Br. The pricey stone improvement, size and gem dispersing within the perovskite shape became changed by using expansion of a trifle overall of grouping doping. Fuse of I and Cl as dopants into the perovskite crystalline shape considerably multiplied the electrical phenomenon execution, electronic structure, optical assimilation, band hole and therefore the shipping conduct within the perovskite layer. Control of atomic wide variety 17 and bromide as dopant is essential to increase the country of the photo generation, transporter transporting conduct mor eover, the electric phenomenon execution of Jsc and PCE.

How does Kafka Comment on 20th Century Capitalism Throughout the Novel

How does Kafka Comment on 20th Century Capitalism Throughout the Novel and what Symbolism does he Use to Depict it Firstly, it is important to point out that I don’t believe that the individual characters symbolize a certain social or political group in the novel - the characters’ actions and responses to each other in the in the novel do though, representing a social or political group in a specific situation. For example, the majority of people agree that the father in â€Å"Metamorphosis† represents the powerful capitalist society, being the dominant male figure. If one tries to follow this concept throughout the novel, they will encounter many contradictions. While the father does seem powerful at points, such as when he drives out the lodgers, he is in the start portrayed as a rather idle figure, allowing his son to take the dominant position as the family’s income earner. This detail, which could be of great significance, is many times overlooked. All the novel’s links to capitalism are in the author’s choice of words, the concocted situations and in the character’s interaction. The time period in which â€Å"Metamorphosis† was written in (1912) is very significant, because of its historical impact on the novel and the particular views of the time. America was becoming increasingly prosperous with its capitalist views, and was seen by the world as ‘the land of opportunity’, where anyone could be wealthy. Between 1880 and 1930, approximately 2,800,000 Germans and Czechs immigrated to America, in search of a better life, possibly causing resentment and bitterness from those left behind for the capitalist way of life. Kafka criticizes the capitalist views by portraying situations where the family responds to Greg... ...nces you from humanity, and this is also an argument in favour of Communism. This message is clearly portrayed in Gregor’s family, who are forced to find jobs after Gregor’s transformation. As a result of Gregor’s escape from the capitalist economic order, his family is drafted into it. From what we are told of their work periods, they seem to have become much like the old Gregor in their dehumanising jobs, becoming servants even at their home, for the lodgers. Only when they decide that it is necessary for the lodgers to leave and for them to take a ‘day off’ that that seem to be happy again. Though they mourn for Gregor, and in my opinion, they have some sort of ‘enlightenment’, realizing that their financial condition is not the most important aspect in of heir lives. The family takes a ‘day off’, something Gregor would never have done, and go for a walk together. How does Kafka Comment on 20th Century Capitalism Throughout the Novel How does Kafka Comment on 20th Century Capitalism Throughout the Novel and what Symbolism does he Use to Depict it Firstly, it is important to point out that I don’t believe that the individual characters symbolize a certain social or political group in the novel - the characters’ actions and responses to each other in the in the novel do though, representing a social or political group in a specific situation. For example, the majority of people agree that the father in â€Å"Metamorphosis† represents the powerful capitalist society, being the dominant male figure. If one tries to follow this concept throughout the novel, they will encounter many contradictions. While the father does seem powerful at points, such as when he drives out the lodgers, he is in the start portrayed as a rather idle figure, allowing his son to take the dominant position as the family’s income earner. This detail, which could be of great significance, is many times overlooked. All the novel’s links to capitalism are in the author’s choice of words, the concocted situations and in the character’s interaction. The time period in which â€Å"Metamorphosis† was written in (1912) is very significant, because of its historical impact on the novel and the particular views of the time. America was becoming increasingly prosperous with its capitalist views, and was seen by the world as ‘the land of opportunity’, where anyone could be wealthy. Between 1880 and 1930, approximately 2,800,000 Germans and Czechs immigrated to America, in search of a better life, possibly causing resentment and bitterness from those left behind for the capitalist way of life. Kafka criticizes the capitalist views by portraying situations where the family responds to Greg... ...nces you from humanity, and this is also an argument in favour of Communism. This message is clearly portrayed in Gregor’s family, who are forced to find jobs after Gregor’s transformation. As a result of Gregor’s escape from the capitalist economic order, his family is drafted into it. From what we are told of their work periods, they seem to have become much like the old Gregor in their dehumanising jobs, becoming servants even at their home, for the lodgers. Only when they decide that it is necessary for the lodgers to leave and for them to take a ‘day off’ that that seem to be happy again. Though they mourn for Gregor, and in my opinion, they have some sort of ‘enlightenment’, realizing that their financial condition is not the most important aspect in of heir lives. The family takes a ‘day off’, something Gregor would never have done, and go for a walk together.

Black Rain :: essays research papers

BLACK RAIN by Masuji Ibuse The main character in the novel is in some ways like myself. Mr. Shizuma is a person that is intrigued by many things and likes to see what reaction people have from any action. Throughout the novel he feels the need to go to different parts of the city and surrounding communities in order to see the effects of the unknown bomb. Mr. Shizuma was not only interested in what happened to the people of the community but he was also interested in finding out what the weapon used was called and made out of. There were different names given to the bomb throughout the book and he sums up the names in one paragraph, The name of the bomb had already undergone a number of changes, from the initial â€Å"new weapon† through â€Å"new-type bomb,† â€Å"secret weapon,† â€Å"special new-type bomb,† to â€Å"special high-capacity bomb.† That day, I learned for the first time to call it an â€Å"atomic bomb.† (Black Rain 282) The importance of the name of the bomb may seem ineffectual, but he seems to dwell on finding out what caused this type of destruction. Something else that Mr. Shizuma wants to do is remember every little detail about what happens to everything from what angle the house was on after the bomb to what his wife cooked for dinner with the food rationing. He even likes to write how people cured themselves of radiation sickness and what the burns and other injuries look and act like. These things are like myself in the fact that he does not like to forget what things are like, wants to see first hand what the effects are, and is very interested in finding information about new things that he has never seen before. He also likes to help people greatly such as his constant wanderings looking for coal for his community. If you were depended on would you help your community? I think so. The theme that is very meaningful to me is that war hurts two different parts of a country. The first is the military, which was not really talked about, and then there is the civilians. The civilians must ration food so that the military can eat, and then they must also suffer because the bomb that was dropped was not meant for any military base but to destroy and kill a city. The theme is clear in meaning that it hurts the civilians much more than it hurts the military and that war is very, very cruel. The people that were rationing had very little to eat and that amount